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Moreau, Gustave Moreau, Gustave Moreau, Gustave (1826-1898). French painter, one of the leading Symbolist artists. He was a pupil of Chassйriau and was influenced by his master's exotic Romantici...

Asteroids Asteroids Quick quiz: How many planets orbit our Sun? If you said nine, you're shy by several thousand. Scientists consider asteroids to be minor planets - some are hundreds of miles wi...

Pluto Pluto Pluto, which is only about two-thirds the size of our moon, is a cold, dark and frozen place. Relatively little is known about this tiny planet with the strange orbit. Its composition...

Legros, Alphonse Legros, Alphonse (b. May 8, 1837, Dijon, Fr.--d. Dec. 8, 1911, Watford, Hertfordshire, Eng.) French-born British painter, etcher, and sculptor, now remembered chiefly for his gra...

La Joconde. Leonardo da Vinci La Joconde. Leonardo da Vinci Portrait of Mona Lisa (1479-1528), also known as La Gioconda, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo; 1503-06 (150 Kb); Oil on wood, 77 x 5...

Japanese Art and Architecture Japanese Art and Architecture Japanese Art and Architecture, works of art produced in Japan from the beginnings of human habitation there, sometime in the 10th mille...

Kandinsky, Wassily Kandinsky, Wassily Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life. -- Wassily Kandinsky, 1911 Kandinsky, Wassily, Russian in full VASILY VASILYEVICH KANDI...

Jongkind, Johan Barthold Jongkind, Johan Barthold Jongkind, Johan Barthold (b. June 3, 1819, Lattrop, Neth.--d. Feb. 9, 1891, Cte-Saint-Andr, Fr.), painter and printmaker whose small, informal la...

Kamakura Art Kamakura Art In 1180 a civil war broke out between two military clans, the Taira and the Minamoto; five years later the Minamoto emerged victorious and established a de facto seat of...

Klee, Paul Klee, Paul A Swiss-born painter and graphic artist whose personal, often gently humorous works are replete with allusions to dreams, music, and poetry, Paul Klee, b. Dec. 18, 1879, d....

Impressionism Impressionism The impressionist style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impression produced by a scene or object and the use of unmixed primary co...

Hals, Frans Hals, Frans He was born in Antwerp, the son of Flemish parents who moved to Holland after the city fell to the Spaniards in 1585. His parents had settled in Haarlem by 1591 and he spe...

Hiroshige, Ando Hiroshige, Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858), Japanese painter and printmaker, known especially for his landscape prints. The last great figure of the Ukiyo-e, or popular, school of prin...

Heian Art Heian Art In 794 the capital of Japan was officially transferred to Heiankyo (present-day Kyoto), where it remained until 1868. The term Heian period refers to the years between 794 and...

Holbein, Hans the Younger Holbein, Hans the Younger Hans Holbein the Elder (1465?-1524). Born in Augsburg, Bavaria, the elder Holbein, like his brother Sigmund, painted richly colored religious w...

Grunewald, Matthias Gr u newald, Matthias Matthias Grunewald, c.1475-1528, whose real name was Mathis Gothart, called Nithart or Neithardt, was a major figure in a generation of great northern Ge...

Jupiter Jupiter The fifth planet from the sun is a huge ball of gas so massive it could hold all the other planets put together. What we can see of the planet are bands of the highest clouds in a...

Guillaumin, Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin, Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin, (Jean-Baptiste-) Armand (b. Feb. 16, 1841, Paris, Fr.--d. June 26, 1927, Paris), French landscape painter and engrave...

Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique (1780-1867). French painter, born at Montauban, the son of a minor painter and sculptor, Jean-Marie-Jo...

Gris, Juan Gris, Juan Juan Gris was the Third Musketeer of Cubism, and actually pushed Cubism further to its logical conclusion until his ultimely death in 1927 at the age of 39. His pictures are...

Gros, Antoine-Jean Gros, Antoine-Jean Gros, Antoine-Jean (1771-1835). French painter. He trained with his father, a miniaturist and then with Jacques-Louis David.Although he revered David and bec...

Earth and Moon Earth and Moon Earth The third planet from the sun is, in scientific terms, quite similar to the first two. In fact, the four planets of the inner solar system (Mercury , Venus , E...

Friedrich, Caspar David Friedrich, Caspar David The German romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich, b. Sept. 5, 1774, d. May 7, 1840, was one of the greatest exponents in European art of the symb...

Fragonard, Jean-Honor#233; Fragonard, Jean-Honor Fragonard, Jean-Honor (1732-1806). French painter whose scenes of frivolity and gallantry are among the most complete embodiments of the Rococo sp...

Fauvism between 1901 and 1906 Fauvism between 1901 and 1906 Between 1901 and 1906, several comprehensive exhibitions were held in Paris, making the work of Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Pau...

Fauvism Fauvism C'est Donatello dans la cage aux fauves! -- Louis Vauxcelles, Salon d'Automne, 1905. C'est donc sous la conduite de Matisse, et aussi sous l'influence de Van Gogh que les futurs f...

Fantin-Latour, Henri Fantin-Latour, Henri Fantin-Latour, Henri (1836-1904). French painter and lithographer. He is best known for his luxurious flower pieces, but he also painted several group po...

Eyck, Jan van Eyck, Jan van Eyck, Jan van (b. before 1395, Maaseik, Bishopric of Lige, Holy Roman Empire [now in Belgium]--d. before July 9, 1441, Bruges), Flemish painter who perfected the newly...

Eyck, Jan van: altarpiece in Ghent Eyck, Jan van: altarpiece in Ghent It was not a sculptor who carried out the final conquest of reality in the North. For the artist whose revolutionary discover...

Eyck, Jan van: portraits Eyck, Jan van: portraits This title has traditionally been given to this painting because it was thought to be a form of ``wedding certificate'' for Giovanni Arnolfini an...

Expressionism and Fauvism Expressionism and Fauvism In the north of Europe, the Fauves' celebration of color was pushed to new emotional and psychological depths. Expressionism, as it was general...

Expressionnism Expressionnism Movement in fine arts that emphasized the expression of inner experience rather than solely realistic portrayal, seeking to depict not objective reality but the subj...

Eyck, Jan van: The Adoration of the Lamb Eyck, Jan van: The Adoration of the Lamb A new realism Jan van Eyck (1385-1441) was a contemporary of Campin and one of the enduring influences on his cen...

Eakins, Thomas Eakins, Thomas Eakins, Thomas (1844-1916). American painter. Eakins is regarded by most critics as the outstanding American painter of the 19th century and by many as the greatest...

Elsheimer, Adam Elsheimer, Adam Elsheimer, Adam (1578-1610). German painter, etcher, and draughtsman, active mainly in Italy. Although he died young and his output was small he played a key role...

Cranach, Lucas the Elder Cranach, Lucas the Elder Cranach, Lucas the Elder (1472-1553). German painter. He takes his name from the small town of Kronach in South Germany, where he was born, and v...

Dyck, Sir Anthony van Dyck, Sir Anthony van Dyck, Sir Anthony van (1599-1641). Apart from Rubens, the greatest Flemish painter of the 17th century. In 1609 he began his apprenticeship with Hendri...

D#252;rer, Albrecht Drer, Albrecht I hold that the perfection of form and beauty is contained in the sum of all men. -- Drer, Four Books on Human Proportions, 1528 Drer, Albrecht (b. May 21, 1471...

Courbet, Gustave Courbet, Gustave Courbet, Gustave (1819-77). The painter Courbet started and dominated the French movement toward realism. Art critics and the public were accustomed to pretty pi...

Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar (b. July 19, 1834, Paris, Fr.--d. Sept. 27, 1917, Paris) French artist, acknowledged as the master...

Delacroix, Eug#232;ne Delacroix, Eugne Delacroix, Eugne, in full FERDINAND- VICTOR-EUGENE DELACROIX (b. April 26, 1798, Charenton-Saint-Maurice, Fr.--d. Aug. 13, 1863, Paris), the greatest French...

David, Jacques-Louis David, Jacques-Louis David, Jacques-Louis (1748-1825). French painter, one of the central figures of Neoclassicism. He had his first training with Boucher, a distant relative...

Dada Dada A western Europe artistic and literary movement (1916-23) that sought the discovery of authentic reality through the abolition of traditional culture and aesthetic forms. Pour introduir...

Dor#233;, Gustave Dor, Gustave Dor, Gustave (1832-83). The most popular and successful French book illustrator of the mid 19th century. Dor became very widely known for his illustrations to such...

Cubism Cubism An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense o...

Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille (1796-1875). French painter. At the age of 26 he abandoned a commercial career for art, and from the first s...

Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573-1610). Probably the most revolutionary artist of his time, the Italian painter Caravaggio abandoned the rule...

Copley, John Singleton Copley, John Singleton Copley, John Singleton (b. July 3, 1738, Boston [Mass., U.S.]--d. Sept. 9, 1815, London, Eng.) Generally considered the finest painter of colonial Am...

Carracci Carracci Carracci. Family of Bolognese painters, the brothers Agostino (1557-1602) and Annibale (1560-1609) and their cousin Ludovico (1555-1619), who were prominent figures at the end o...

Burne-Jones, Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones, Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones, Sir Edward Coley, professional name of EDWARD COLEY JONES (1833-1898), English painter, designer, and illustrator, born in...

Boucher, Fran#231;ois Boucher, Franois Boucher, Franois (1703-1770), French painter, noted for his pastoral and mythological scenes, whose work embodies the frivolity and sensuousness of the roco...

Caillebotte, Gustave Caillebotte, Gustave Gustave Caillebotte, b. Aug. 19, 1848, d. Feb. 21, 1894, was a French painter and a generous patron of the impressionists, whose own works, until recentl...

Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Sim#233;on Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Simon Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Simon (1699-1779). French painter, one of the greatest of the 18th century, whose genre and still life subjec...

Classicism Classicism Aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture, art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and re...

Bruegel, Pieter the Elder Bruegel, Pieter the Elder Pieter Bruegel (about 1525-69), usually known as Pieter Bruegel the Elder to distinguish him from his elder son, was the first in a family of F...

Brown, Ford Madox Brown, Ford Madox Brown, Ford Madox (1821-93). English painter. He was born at Calais and trained at Antwerp (under Wappers), in Paris, and at Rome, where he came into contact w...

Constable, John Constable, John Constable, John (1776-1837). English painter, ranked with Turner as one of the greatest British landscape artists. Although he showed an early talent for art and b...

C#233;zanne, Paul: From Impressionism to Classicism and Cubism Czanne, Paul: From Impressionism to Classicism and Cubism Czanne is not an easy man to love, but professors and painters adore him....

C#233;zanne, Paul: C#233;zanne early work Czanne, Paul: Czanne early work Paul Czanne (1839-1906) is certainly as great an artist as any that ever lived, up there with Titian, Michelangelo, and R...

C#233;zanne, Paul Czanne, Paul (b. Jan. 19, 1839, Aix-en-Provence, Fr.--d. Oct. 22, 1906, Aix-en-Provence) French painter, one of the greatest of the Postimpressionists, whose works and ideas wer...

Botticelli, Sandro Botticelli, Sandro Original name ALESSANDRO DI MARIANO FILIPEPI (b. 1445, Florence [Italy]--d. May 17, 1510, Florence), Florentine early Renaissance painter whose Birth of Venu...

Cassatt, Mary Cassatt, Mary Cassatt, Mary (b. May 22, 1844, Allegheny City, Pa., U.S.--d. June 14, 1926, Chteau de Beaufresne, near Paris, Fr.), American painter and printmaker who exhibited with...

My Flat (1) My Flat (1) We have a nice flat in a new block of flats. Our flat is on the fourth floor. It has all modern conveniences: central heating, gas, electricity, cold and hot water, a lift...

Bosch, Hieronymus: The Temptation of St Anthony Bosch, Hieronymus: The Temptation of St Anthony c. 1500; Oil on panel, tryptych describing the ordeals of St Anthony; Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga...

Blake, William Blake, William Blake, William (b. Nov. 28, 1757, London--d. Aug. 12, 1827, London) English poet, painter, engraver; one of the earliest and greatest figures of Romanticism. The mos...

Bassano (family da Ponte) Bassano (family da Ponte) Jacopo Bassano Bassano, Jacopo (Jacopo da Ponte) (b. c.1510-18, Bassano del Grappa; d. 1592, Bassano). Italian painter, the most celebrated mem...

Baroque Baroque Baroque period, era in the history of the Western arts roughly coinciding with the 17th century. Its earliest manifestations, which occurred in Italy, date from the latter decades...

Bellini, Giovanni Bellini, Giovanni Bellini, Giovanni (1430?-1516). The founder of the Venetian school of painting, Giovanni Bellini raised Venice to a center of Renaissance art that rivaled Flor...

Baburen, Dirck van Baburen, Dirck van Baburen, Dirck van (b. c. 1595, Utrecht; d. 1624, Utrecht). Dutch painter of religious works, history pieces and genre scenes, a leading member of the Utrech...

Decline of ukrainian statehood and culture (1712-1783) Decline of ukrainian statehood and culture (1712-1783) Report Lipich Vitalii Form 11-V School 1 Lutsk 2002 After defeat of Mazepa, tsar Pete...

Asuka and Nara Art Asuka and Nara Art During the Asuka and Nara periods, so named because the seat of Japanese government was located in the Asuka Valley from 552 to 710 and in the city of Nara u...

Abstract Expressionism Abstract Expressionism However great a disaster World War II was, it did at least mean that artists such as Piet Mondrian and Max Ernst, in leaving Europe for the safety of...

Art of the Edo Period Art of the Edo Period The Tokugawa shogunate of the Edo period gained undisputed control of the government in 1603 with a commitment to bring peace and economic and politica...

Artistic Emigres Artistic Emigres As the center of artistic interest, Paris attracted many foreign painters in the early 20th century, and within a few years of each other three Jewish migrs, Cha...

Bosch, Hieronymus Bosch, Hieronymus The master of the monstrous... the discoverer of the unconscious. -- Carl Gustav Jung, on Hieronymus Bosch Hieronymus, or Jerome, Bosch, b. c.1450, d. August 1...

Altdorfer, Albrecht Altdorfer, Albrecht Altdorfer, Albrecht (b. c.1480, Regensburg, d. 1538, Regensburg). German painter, engraver, architect and graphic artist working in Regensburg, of which to...

Gothic Painting (1280-1515) Gothic Painting (1280-1515) The Gothic style began with the architecture of the 12th century, at the height of the Middle Ages, when Europe was putting the memory of t...