British
education helps us to develop fully the abilities of individuals, for their own
benefit and of society as a whole. Compulsory schooling takes place between the
agers of 5 and 16, but some pupils remain at shool for 2 years more, to prepare
for further higher education. Post shool education is organized flaxebly, to
provide a wide range of opportunities for academic and vacational education and
to continue studying through out life.
Administration
of state schools is decentralised. The department of education and science is
responsible for national education policy, but it doesn't run any schools, if
doesn't employ teachers, or prescribe corricular or textbooks. All shools are
given a considerable amount of freedom. According to the law only one subject
is compulsary. That is religious instruction.
Children
recieve preschool education under the age of 5 in nursery schools or in
infant's classes in primary schools.
Most
pupils receive free education finenst from public fonds and the small
proportions attend schools wholy independent. Most independent schools are
single-sex, but the number of mixing schools is growing.
Education
within the mantained schools system usually comprises two stages: primary and
secondary education. Primary schools are subdevided into infant schools (ages 5
- 7), and junior schools (ages 7 - 11). Infant schools are informal and
children are encouraged to read, write and make use of numbers and develop the
creative abilities. Primary children do all their work with the same class
teacher exept for PT and music. The work is beist upon the pupils interests as
far as possible.
The
junior stage extence over four years. Children have set pirits of arithmetic,
reading, composition, history, geography nature study and others. At this stage
of schooling pupils were often placed in A, B, C and D streams according their
abilities. The most able children were put in the A stream, the list able in
the D stream. Till reccantly most junior shool children had to seat for the
eleven-plus examination. It usually consisted of an arithmetic paper and an
entelligent test. According to the results of the exam children are sent to
Grammar, Technical or Secondary modern schools. So called comprehansive schools
began to appear after World War 2. They are muchly mixed schools which can
provide education for over 1000 pupils. Ideally they provide all the courses
given in Grammar, Technical and Secondary modern schools.
By
the law all children must receive full-time education between the ages of 5 and
16. Formally each child can remain a school for a further 2 or 3 years and
continue his studies in the sixth form up to the age of 18 or 19. The course is
usually subdevided into the lower 6 and the upper 6. The corricular is narrowed
to 5 subjects of which a pupil can choose 2 or 3.
The
main examinations for secondary school pupils are general certeficate of
education (the GCE) exam and certificate of secondary education (the CSE) exam.
The GSE exam is held at two levels: ordinary level (0 level) and advanced level
(A level).
Candidats
set for 0 level papers at 15 - 16 years away. GCE level is usually taken at the
end on the sixth form. The CSE level exam is taken after 5 years of secondary
education by the pupils who are of everage abilities of their age.
Список литературы
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